Maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 large blue, schwarzflecken blauling, azure du serpolet. Phengaris rebeli formerly maculinea rebeli, common name mountain alcon blue, is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. Maculinea arion naryoniensis beuret 1938 maculinea arion nepete fruhstorfer 1934 maculinea arion ofenia. Larval niche selection and evening exposure enhance adoption framgenta a predacious social parasite, maculinea arion large blue butterflyby myrmica ants. A comparative analysis of rt nucleotide sequences demonstrated an extremely high similarity among elements both in interspecific and intraspecific comparisons. Maculinea larvae are adopted by myrmica ants, which are induced to take them into. As trasforma an farfala sempe ant ij nij ed le formije. At once recognized by the large number of ocelli on the underside, especially on the hindwing, and by the bright blue dusting of the base beneath. An acoustical comparison between calls of parasitic butterfly caterpillars and their host ants is presented for the first time. It must not have been offered previously or faunlstica, to any other scientific magazine.
Phengaris doherty, 1891 maculinea van eecke, 1915 butterflies are among the most studied in. The recent distribution of the european maculinea species article pdf available in journal of insect conservation 21. Large blue butterfly, maculinea arion factsheet page 3 eu wildlife and sustainable farming project 2009 farming practices favourable to the large blue butterfly in many parts of northern europe the large blue now exists only in a few localities. Myrmica colonies, in particular, are exploited by numerous social parasites, and the presence of their overwintering brood, as well as of their polygyny, contributes to make them more vulnerable to infestation. Changes in host ant communities of alcon blue butterflies in. Maculinea alcon mainly inhabits fens with gentian occurrence. In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new conservation methods. In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new. Find thymus serpyllum stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. We found that the genome of maculinea butterflies contains multiple cr1 lineages of nonltr retrotransposons, including those from maccr1a, maccr1b and t1q families. It was first found and described in styria, austria, on mount hochschwab around 1700. Myrmica ants and their butterfly parasites with special focus on the. In the lowlands, maculinea arion is threatened by grazing abandonment and loss of habitat.
The large blue butterfly, maculinea arion, is one of many butterfly species that have declined in europe during the last century, both in terms of. Accepted 27 november 20 c ho i c e e d i t o r s oikos all species are affected by their physical environment. Changes in chemical signature and host specificity from larval retrieval to full social integration in the myrmecophilous butterfly maculinea rebeli. Bundesstichprobenmonitoring 2016 maculinea arion in hessen. Text should have a standard layout introduction, material and methods, results, discussion, possible conclusions, acknowledgementsreferences and a brief but. Hostant specificity of endangered large blue butterflies phengaris. Sep 07, 2019 first observation of one maculinea arion pupa in myrmica lobicornis nest in poland. Either tutt, or the subsequent editor, took this to be some. The adults like to feed on sainfoin onobrychis, but also on the flowers of the larval host plant. Le permite crear, editar, ver y anotar archivos pdf. Multiple host use and the dynamics of host switching in host. Alternatively, maculinea could be restricted to the one or two species. Overall, caterpillar calls were found to be similar to ant calls, even though these organisms produce them by different means.
Larval niche selection and evening exposure enhance adoption of a predacious social parasite, maculinea arion large blue butterflyby myrmica ants. As a result, many extant populations are considered endangered and only exist because they are actively managed 19. Phengaris is currently defined to include the genus maculinea. Artenschutzprojekt maculinea arion schwarzgefleckter. The book contains 14 introductory and main text pages, 52 tables, figures or graphs, and 2 indices. Maculinea alcon flies from late june to early august in a single generation in most high density. Pdf distribution and conservation status of phengaris maculinea. The species was first defined in 1758 and first recorded in britain in 1795. Maculinea arion wikipedia an piemonteis, lenciclopedia. Chris van swaay for his comments and editing of manuscript. About 10,000 arthropod species live as ants social parasites and have evolved a number of mechanisms allowing them to penetrate and survive inside the ant nests. The biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly phengaris.
Distribution and biological peculiarities in armenia. We deliver within 14 days, with a 14 days return policy. Numerous butterfly species in the family lycaenidae maintain myrmecophilous associations with trophobiotic ants, but only a minority of antassociated butterflies are parasites of ants. Still watching, from the edge of extinction bioscience oxford. Comparison of acoustical signals in maculinea butterfly. Maculinea arion flies in a single generation from midjune to august, mostly in july. Rapid, effective communication between colony members is a key attribute that enables ants to live in dominant, fiercely protected societies. Because ecosystem engineering species modify the physical environment and belong to food webs, such species are potentially one of the most important bridges between the trophic and nontrophic. However, until late 70th little was known about their unique and fascinating life cycle. The large blue butterfly, maculinea arion, is one of many butterfly species that have declined in europe during the last century, both in terms of population numbers and population connectivity. Effects of latitude, altitude and climate on the habitat and conservation of the endangered butterfly maculinea arion and its myrmica ant hosts. The type species of the latter was the alcon blue m. Pdf this study aims at determining the distribution, abundance, and relations. In the present study, we compared the genetic structure of several.
Papillons lycaenidae maculinea teleius bergstrasser, 1779. Southwest england suffered along period of heavy rainfall during the peak emergence time and it is feared that this might havecaused local extinction or dangerously reduced populations on half the sites. Camponotus, crematogaster, myrmica, and oecophylla are the most frequently parasitized ant genera. These figures are notable because maculinea arion, which had declined in britain ever since its discovery in 1795, went. The host genera of antparasitic lycaenidae butterflies. The population biology of maculinea rebeli hirschke, 1904, on dry grassland biotypes in different successional stages was investigated in the summers of 1990 and 1991 in the district of hoxter north rhinewestphalia, germany. The distribution of antparasitic representatives of the lycaenidae suggests that. Distribution and conservation status of phengaris maculinea arion and ph. Reconstructing eight decades of genetic variation in an. Reconstructing eight decades of genetic variation in an isolated. Population dynamics and conservation of a specialized predator. Brenton blue butterfly, orachrysops niobe, in south africa.
Richmond birdwing butterfly, ornithoptera richmondia, in australia. Maculinea nausithous bergstrasser, dusky large blue, dunkle wiesenknopfameisenblauling, azure des paluds. Biotic interactions are often acknowledged as catalysers of genetic divergence and eventual explanation of processes driving species richness. Conservation efforts in europe mainly aim to preserve and manage ecosystems that contain putatively endangered biotic communities. Large blue ovipositing note egg already laid on lower right of thyme flower, site h, somerset habitats in europe the butterfly can be found in a wide variety of habitats including coastal cliffs, limestone gorges, stony plateaux, and alpine pastures. It has long been known that phengaris maculinea arion has a complex lifecycle involving the social parasitisation of ants. Maculinea arion insubrica vorbrodt 1912 maculinea arion jasilkowskii hormuzaki 1897 maculinea arion ligurica wagner 1904 maculinea arion lutshniki krulikovski 1927 maculinea arion microarion beuret 1964. We address the question, whether extreme ecological. Jul 03, 2012 plus, maculinea arion is fairly large species, the wing span of this species can rich 1620 mm. Larger, above of a lighter and more shining blue than arcas, with a row of black spots across both wings, the spots being sometimes obsolete only on the hindwing of the male. Not surprising, maculinea arion was in every naturalist collection of victorian england. Species names phengaris arion linnaeus, 1758 maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758. First observation of one maculinea arion pupa in myrmica lobicornis nest in poland. Oct 23, 2017 in the additional dataset, where maculinea arion was used as outgroup in order to identify the earliest diverging lineage in m.
Globally threatened butterflies have prompted researchbased approaches to insect conservation. May 14, 2020 host specificity of maculinea teleius bgstr. Genetic differentiation among the maculinea species. The dry habitat form occurs in juniper grasslands, pastures and other dry grassland formations usually on limestone. This species was found to be less closely related to most other supposed members of maculinea than the traditional phengaris species, and hence the two genera were merged to form a monophyletic group. Jan 18, 20 climatic oscillations are among the longterm factors shaping the molecular features of animals and plants and it is generally supposed that the rear edges i. A case study of maculinea arion article pdf available in ecological monographs 754. Their signals, however, may be mimicked by other insects that coexist as commensals with ants or interact with them as mutualists or social parasites. It is now clear that most maculinea species successfully exploit colonies of different myrmica species in different parts of their range thomas et al. Habitat suitability for maculinea butterflies decreased at three sites. Maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 originele combinatie papilio arion.
Contrasting genetic structure of rear edge and continuous. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Untersuchungen zur autokologie des schwarzgefleckten. Pdf population dynamics and conservation of a specialized. Maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 the large blue phengaris arion is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. We consider the role of acoustics in ant communication and its exploitation by social parasites. The large blue phengaris arion is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. However, research triggered by the extinction of the original uk population of p. The present study aimed to analyse the level of genetic variation in the eastern central european slovenia, hungary, and romaniatransylvania populations of the large blues maculinea to analyse the pattern of differentiation both between and within the species. The occurrence of the large blue butterfly maculinea arion l. Pdf maculinea nausithous bergstrasser, was recently discovered in two parts of the transylvanian basin.
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